Graph query engines compared

Query engines that run graph queries over storage they do not own.

7 active graph query engines are in the catalogue. They are written mostly in Java and Python, 4 are open source, and 0 carry survey feature scores. Apache Giraph, Gaffer are no longer active and listed separately below.

Attribute	Ontop #18 ▼1 Strong	GFQL #19 ▲2 Strong	Comunica #36 ▲2 Strong	PuppyGraph #47 ▼3 Strong	Lance Graph #58 ▲2 Growing	Prometheux #100 ▲15 Growing
At a glance
Rank	#18	#19	#36	#47	#58	#100
Score	59.0	58.9	53.1	50.3	46.9	37.4
GitHub stars	938	2.6k	580	—	176	—
Popularity	69.9	62.3	61.3	40.0	41.5	13.8
Activity	50.8	63.7	70.6	79.7	44.9	—
Community	74.0	68.8	30.6	32.0	61.3	61.2
Research	53.4	49.6	50.3	49.6	—	49.6
Fundamentals
Description	A Virtual Knowledge Graph system that exposes relational databases as RDF knowledge graphs, translating SPARQL queries into SQL without moving data. Uses R2RML mappings and lightweight ontologies.	A dataframe-native graph query language with vectorized processing and optional GPU acceleration. Supports Cypher-like syntax, embedded within the PyGraphistry library.	A modular SPARQL query engine written in TypeScript that federates queries across heterogeneous linked data sources including SPARQL endpoints, RDF files, HDT archives, and Solid data pods. Runs in both Node.js and browsers.	A graph query engine that runs analytics on existing relational databases, data lakes, and warehouses without data migration.	A graph query engine built on the Lance columnar format, supporting multimodal knowledge graphs in serverless environments.	An ontology engine that runs graph analytics and logical reasoning over existing data sources without moving data, using the Vadalog (Datalog+/-) reasoning language. Produces deterministic, fully traceable results with row-level provenance across sources such as Snowflake, Databricks, PostgreSQL, and Neo4j.
Vendor	Ontopic	Graphistry	Comunica Association	PuppyQuery Inc	LanceDB Inc	Prometheux
Model	RDF	Property Graph	RDF	Property Graph	Property Graph	Other
Kind	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine	query-engine
Category	Established	Growing	Emerging	Growing	Emerging	Growing
First released	2009	2023	2018-06	2024-03	2025-09	2022
Status	active	active	active	active	active	active
License	Apache-2.0	BSD-3-Clause	MIT	Proprietary	Apache-2.0	Proprietary
Written in	Java	Python	TypeScript	—	Rust	—
Query languages	SPARQL	GFQL, openCypher	SPARQL, GraphQL	Gremlin, openCypher	SQL, openCypher	Vadalog
gdotv support	no	no	no	yes	no	no